Recently Democrats were pushing the myth that Republicans were anxious to impeach Obama.
If truth be told, every time Obama opens his mouth and acts 'decisively' he impeaches himself.
And what about the drop a single bomb at a time approach to foreign policy to ward off ISIS beheadings? If that ain't self-impeachment I don't know what is. (See 1 below.)
Muslim terrorists have demonstrated they are not J.V as Obama flippantly asserted. Again, if truth be told, Obama does not even rise to J.V status.
Finally, Obama is incensed at Israel for defending itself but says not a word when multi thousands are killed by Muslim animals he was told were going to do just that but he could not bring himself to respond so he went out and raised money from his Hollywood worshippers, played golf and took another vacation.
===
Michelle Nunn defrocked by her cynical own handlers.
As I have said all along, Nunn just another totally unqualified community organizer but, unlike Obama, of the white and female variety.
Her arrogance reminds me of a recent candidate who also self-destructed because he felt he was above the voters and believed he could take them for a sucker's ride.
Perhaps Georgians statewide are just that - suckers! (See 2 below.)
==
Israel's moral actions in Gaza serve as a model for all nations forced to fight a war against thugs, barbaric Muslim/Arab terrorists. (See 3, 3a and 3b below.)
===
Dick
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1) Leader: ISIS is 'Systematically Beheading Children' in 'Christian Genocide'
Author: Barbara Boland
“Christianity in Mosul is dead, and a Christian holocaust is in our midst,” said Mark Arabo, a Californian businessman and Chaldean-American leader. In an interview with CNN's Jonathan Mann, he called what's happening in Iraq a “Christian genocide” and said “children are being beheaded, mothers are being raped and killed, and fathers are being hung.”
“Right now, three thousand Christians are in Iraq fleeing to neighboring cities,” he told Mann. Arabo is calling on the international community to follow France's lead and offer the Christians of Iraq asylum.
“You're startling me with the severity of what you're describing,” the CNN host said. “You said they are — beheading children?”
“They are systematically beheading children,” Arabo repeated slowly. “And mothers and fathers. The world hasn't seen an evil like this for generations.”
“There's actually a park in Mosul where they actually beheaded children and put their heads on a stick… this is crimes against humanity. They are doing the most horrendous, the most heart-breaking crimes that you can think of.”
Mann asked about the ISIS letter sent to Christians in Mosul, demanding that they either convert to Islam, pay a fine or be put to “death by the sword.”
“It's very clear they are killing people, but are Christians managing to escape by paying a fine?” he asked.
Arabo reports that after Christians pay the fine, the fighters take the Christian wives and children “and make them their wives – so it's really convert, or die.”
This is a tweet that reportedly shows Yazidi children who escaped the fighters by fleeing to the mountains, but have died from lack of food and water there:
A quick scan of Youtube shows the truth of what Arabo is saying – there are gruesome videos of heads on spikes, and many of live beheadings (one poor Christian is forced to say the Shahada 'there is no God but Allah and Muhammad is his Prophet' and then beheaded anyway.)
A quick scan of Youtube shows the truth of what Arabo is saying – there are gruesome videos of heads on spikes, and many of live beheadings (one poor Christian is forced to say the Shahada 'there is no God but Allah and Muhammad is his Prophet' and then beheaded anyway.)
Warning: don't google these things unless you have a strong stomach.
“They are absolutely killing every Christian they see,” Arabo said of ISIS. “This is absolutely a genocide in every sense of the word. They want everyone to convert, and they want sharia law to be the law of the land.”
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2) Analysis: Ga. Senate candidate has fences to mend
By WALTER C. JONES
ATLANTA — The apparently accidental leak of a 144-page strategy memo from consultants to Michelle Nunn is causing heartburn among some of her natural allies.
As would be expected, Republicans mined the memo for material to dish out at the Democratic senatorial nominee. They especially relished its list of her perceived weaknesses, such as having spent most of her youth and education outside the state, being “too liberal” and a “lightweight” and for incidents at the Points of Light Foundation she ran, including grants to inmates and to an organization tied to Hamas.
She was pilloried on the Internet with emails, tweets and biting humor.
And the attacks escalated late last week when the super PAC Ending Spending Action Fund began running television and newspaper ads referencing the Hamas-related grant. One of the ads is a full page in the Atlanta Jewish Times, obviously in hopes that the current rocket attacks by Hamas against Israel will further hammer home the point that Nunn isn’t a strong friend of Israel in a moment of crisis.
The strategy behind the ads is different from most super PACs in that they don’t seek to sway swing voters. Instead, they are attempting to erode her base of support.
While Jews aren’t a huge voting bloc, they reliably back Democrats. And, as the memo notes, they can be a deep well of financial support.
Support lagging
But Nunn might not need much help in undermining the support she would normally expect from dependable Democratic-leaning groups.
For instance, blacks vote overwhelmingly for Democrats, but her dismissal of two blacks running against her in the Democratic primary left many African-American leaders miffed. Plus, she put off a lot of party regulars in the primary with her campaign’s tactic of skipping functions organized by Democratic auxiliary groups in favor of events manufactured by her staff and even ducking debates organized by non-partisan civic groups. They all began to feel a little insulted, like she didn’t want to be seen with them.
She also brushed off some of Georgia’s targeted media, such as Atlanta Progressive News by being the only Democrat in the Senate primary refusing to participate in a sit-down interview.
“After all, APN’s questions for Nunn were issue-driven and policy-driven, and the last thing Nunn would want to do is to take positions unless they were right-wing ones (for example, on same-sex marriage, the proposed Keystone Pipeline, the Voting Rights Act, the once-proposed U.S. Invasion of Syria, or the proposed nuclear fuel reprocessing plant),” notes the online publication’s staff writer Barbara Payne.
Then Payne added that reporters always suspect that campaigns “use a strategy of vagueness to get elected. However, to see it in memo form is validating.”
She quotes from the memo’s advice that all facets of the campaign remain on message and avoid distractions.
“Michelle Nunn wants to stay like Plato: ‘Whatever you want to believe about me is fine.’ She can’t be conservative or progressive,” Robert Patillo, a radio commentator and former legislative candidate, told Atlanta Progressive News.
GOP attacks
Ironically, Republican critics had been making the same point before the memo’s release. Topping the list is Leslie Shedd, an operative sent from Washington to serve as the mouthpiece for the Georgia Victory, a branch of the Georgia Republican Party.
“For the past year, Democrat Michelle Nunn has been using every political trick in the book to mislead Georgia voters about who she really is and what she really stands for. Now that the general election is upon us, Nunn can’t run anymore,” Shedd said. “Michelle Nunn’s campaign is quickly finding out that the people of Georgia won’t be fooled by her deception. The reality is Nunn is nothing more than a dyed-in-the-wool liberal who will rubberstamp the Obama agenda if she’s sent to Washington.”
If Nunn fails to energize her base, it’s not only a blow to her election but also bad news to down-ballot Democrats needing a ride on her coattails. As her memo states, with an expected 52 percent turnout in November, she is aiming to get 1.4 million votes, more than any other Democrat has ever garnered here in a non-presidential year like this one.
The Nunn camp plans to operate sophisticated targeting to send different messages to each segment of the electorate in order to drive up turnout. Many in this audience won’t ever pay attention to political coverage in the general media and will get information about the race from ethnic media, social media or direct mail.
That limits the damage from the revelations in the memo. But activists from her natural allies get their information from others in their group, and there are signs they are not climbing on board her bandwagon.
Walter Jones is the Atlanta bureau chief for Morris News and has been covering Georgia politics since 1998. Follow him on Twitter @MorrisNews and Facebook or contact him atwalter.jones@morris.com.
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Author: Peter Wehner
During his press conference yesterday, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu was once again asked whether Israel had acted with enough care in responding to the attacks by Hamas (h/t to Scott Johnson of Powerlineblog.com).
“Do you feel your actions, Israel’s actions, were proportionate?,” he was asked. “And were you using the appropriate precision weapons, even if Hamas is using [innocent Palestinians] as human shields?”
Prime Minister Netanyahu gives an exquisite response, pointing out that Israel has gone to extraordinary lengths to avoid civilian casualties while Hamas has gone to extraordinary lengths to ensure civilian casualties. And Mr. Netanyahu then posed a question to the journalist. What would you do in a similar situation, in which your nation was being attacked by 3,500 rockets and your territory was being infiltrated by terrorist death squads?
Which got me to thinking about how Israel has acted versus how other nations, including admirable nations, have acted during wartime. And so I went back and read an account from World War II which is worth considering in the context of how Israel has conducted itself in its war with Hamas.
This story comes from the BBC on February 14, 1945:
British and US bombers have dropped hundreds of thousands of explosives on the German city of Dresden… Last night, 800 RAF Bomber Command planes let loose 650,000 incendiaries and 8,000 lbs of high explosives and hundreds of 4,000 lb bombs in two waves of attack. They faced very little anti-aircraft fire.
As soon as one part of the city was alight, the bombers went for another until the whole of Dresden was ablaze.
“There were fires everywhere with a terrific concentration in the centre of the city,” said one Pathfinder pilot.
The contemporary BBC, in putting the firebombing of Dresden in context, said this:
The attack was authorised by British Air Chief Marshal Sir Arthur Harris, known as “Bomber Harris” for his enthusiastic support of the area bombing strategy. The idea was to target large urban areas to whittle away at German public morale, cut off relief supplies to the eastern front and give support to the approaching Soviet armies.
According to this analysis found at History.com:
On the evening of February 13, 1945, a series of Allied firebombing raids begins against the German city of Dresden, reducing the “Florence of the Elbe” to rubble and flames, and killing as many as 135,000 people. It was the single most destructive bombing of the war—including Hiroshima and Nagasaki—and all the more horrendous because little, if anything, was accomplished strategically, since the Germans were already on the verge of surrender… More than 3,400 tons of explosives were dropped on the city by 800 American and British aircraft. The firestorm created by the two days of bombing set the city burning for many more days, littering the streets with charred corpses, including many children.
My point in raising this isn’t to condemn Great Britain (or the United States) for what it did in Dresden, though the morality of firebombing Dresden is certainly fair to debate. My point, rather, is that in war, terrible things happen. In war, innocent people die. In war, victorious nations–even the most humane nations–make mistakes. Civilian casualties happen in every conflict; and in the history of war, atrocities by the victorious side are the norm. Of course they shouldn’t be excused; but neither should we judge wartime acts without any understanding of the circumstances of the time, at a safe distance, writing from a keyboard when the main hassle of the day is rush hour traffic. The morality of war is a terribly complicated matter to sort through.
What is so unusual when it comes to Israel is that by historical standards it has conducted itself in its conflict with Hamas (to say nothing of past conflicts) with remarkable care and decency. I’m not sure there are many parallels to it. (America’s conduct in the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan has been similar, I think, to the care taken by Israel in Gaza.) Israel could have decimated Gaza and Hamas within hours, causing far more civilian deaths. It chose a far more humane, and historically rare, option. For much of the world and much of the Western media, then, to judge Israel harshly for how it’s acted in not only wrong; it is historically ignorant and morally obtuse.
The way Israel has handled itself in this conflict is a model for other nations to follow; and the fact that Israel is on the receiving end of venomous attacks is evidence of dark and ugly impulses that need to be named.
Author: Irwin J. Mansdorf
- Hamas, a Palestinian Islamist resistance organization, openly states that it is committed to Israel’s elimination.
- While militarily limited, Hamas employs functional psychological strategies to weaken Israel and to enlist the support of others to strengthen its own status and maintain its control of Gaza.
- As documented in manuals used by Hamas fighters, Palestinian civilian casualties and property destruction are tolerable for Hamas because they serve to engender support for their fighters. This can result in pressure on Israel to cease military operations and then to negotiate cease-fire terms to Hamas’ advantage.
- Israel has been able to withstand much of Hamas’ psychological strategy of using civilian deaths to improve its military position. It is important that this strategy not succeed in providing Hamas with tangible gains through misuse of legitimate humanitarian concerns.
- Humanitarian concern for civilian non-combatants by the media, governments and NGOs is a psychological tool that allows “enabling” of Hamas behavior. Continued “enabling” impedes efforts to empower more responsible Palestinian representatives and sets the stage for Hamas’ continued willingness to sacrifice its own population in the future.
Hamas’ Goal-Directed Ideological Behavior
Behavior is ultimately functional and consistent, determined in part by the perceived gain a specific behavior produces.1 Hamas’ behavior in its confrontation with Israel is consistent with this principle, even though ideological aspects of that behavior may appear to be irrational to non-Islamist minds.
While Hamas defines itself as an Islamic “resistance” movement (Harakat il-Muquamat Islamiyah حركة المقاومة الاسلامية) and openly seeks the elimination of Israel,2 it understands that it does not have the military capacity at present to achieve that militant goal, which is enshrined in its charter and often repeated by its leaders, preachers and supporters.3 Despite this realization, Hamas has used violence and military action when it senses potential gain that does not come at the risk of its own survival as a movement and as the sovereign in Gaza.4 As long as Hamas believes it can survive and move towards its ultimate goal without risking its control of Gaza, it will engage and attack Israel and exploit the Palestinian public in doing so. Part of Hamas’ functional psychological strategy, consistent with other Islamist movements, is to prominently feature civilians as victims of Israeli aggression5 and distort or ignore any mention of Hamas fighters killed.6 This includes issuing directives referring to all casualties as “innocent civilians” and censoring any photos of rockets fired from population centers.7
Without Gaza as a base, Hamas’ survival as an organization and as a credible force in Palestinian life is threatened. If Hamas feels military action could lead to creating conditions where it could negotiate terms advantageous to its survival and continued control of Gaza, it will engage in such action, even though it recognizes that it cannot presently “win” a traditional military campaign against Israel. Hamas has been in dire economic straits since losing critical support from past allies.8 This has placed considerable pressure on the organization, threatening its hold on rule in Gaza and providing the stimulus to attack Israel.9
The Functional Psychological Strategy
Israeli military response to Hamas attacks from Gaza — as in past attacks — created a civilian humanitarian crisis. The mechanism for creating this crisis was a ground invasion by Israel, which Hamas sought to provoke.10 An invasion also exposed the IDF to casualties and/or kidnappings which Hamas hoped would psychologically weaken Israeli resolve and increase the chances for a negotiated cease-fire on Hamas’ terms. In Hamas’ eyes, while a ground action resulted in significant damage to Gaza, it was tolerable if the terms of a cease-fire maintain Hamas’ hold on Gaza. As in previous conflicts, Hamas hoped that a perceived humanitarian crisis would lead to international pressure for capitulation to Hamas demands (e.g., the Turkey-Qatari blueprint) that ensure Hamas’ continued survival and ability to rebuild and strengthen its status.11
Thwarting the Intended Psychological Effects on Israel
The hoped-for effects of this strategy were not realized by Hamas. Israel’s “Iron Dome” anti-rocket defense effectively prevented serious civilian casualties, well-planned Israeli shelters reduced panic and fear, and despite disruption in routine in certain areas (particularly in the south), the Israeli public supported the military operation, notwithstanding the cost in military casualties.12 This broad public support upset the Hamas strategy that relied on IDF casualties to force a cease-fire. Moreover, while the attack tunnels used by Hamas were meant to instill fear and panic, the strategy appears to have backfired. While the tunnels did create public anxiety and became the major IDF target13 of the ground war Hamas desired, it appears to have increased rather than decreased Israeli public support and determination in continuing and expanding the ground offensive.
Hamas’ Creation of Co-dependent “Enabling” of its Behavior
While Israel has managed to withstand the psychological challenges to date, outside actors have not. Like an addict who psychologically draws co-dependents into “enabling” their behavior, Hamas exploited civilian casualties to ensure that others “enable” a cease-fire,14 hoping then to negotiate terms to its advantage.
Consistent with documentation in Hamas’ manual on “urban warfare”, the organization realized that civilian casualties “… increases the hatred of the citizens towards the attackers [the IDF] and increases their gathering [support] around the city defenders (resistance forces [i.e. Hamas]).15 “Enablers” who produce the support Hamas seeks include governments, mediators, the press, social media, NGOs and others who blame Israel, rather than the “addict” (Hamas), for the humanitarian crisis created by conflict.16 The knowledge that others will “enable” this behavior by using humanitarian concerns to force capitulation to Hamas demands reinforces Hamas willingness to sacrifice civilians and endure property destruction for the cause. Hamas’ own “Iron Dome” is the civilian population of Gaza. Their suffering and death serves to protect Hamas leadership and assure its continued rule in Gaza.
Hamas manual on “Urban Warfare.” The manual describes the advantage of using civilians as human shields to create “pockets of resistance” and to enlist support for Hamas when civilian homes are destroyed.
Hamas manual on “Urban Warfare.” The manual describes the advantage of using civilians as human shields to create “pockets of resistance” and to enlist support for Hamas when civilian homes are destroyed.
Hamas’ psychological motor is different from that of non-Islamist ideologies and may be difficult for Western political strategists to grasp. Consistent with Islamist strategy related to a truce (هدنة-Hudna), cease-fires are not pauses in order to work for peace, but rather merely tactical “time-outs” until one is strong enough to once again force its agenda through war and violence.17 At that time, civilians will once again be a tool in Hamas’ arsenal and their lives once again endangered by Hamas’ willingness to sacrifice them if expedient.
Preventing a Psychology of “Enabling” Dysfunctional Behavior
Hamas will cease endangering Palestinian lives only if the psychological and functional “enabling” that allows it to use civilian deaths for its self-preservation ends.
This ultimately requires severely weakening Hamas, stripping it of any effective power and control that would allow it to rearm militarily.
Hamas’ “last shot” minutes before an agreed upon cease-fire18 reflects the mindset and intentions of a group that has not abandoned its ideology and goal of Israel’s destruction by force nor its own strategy of sacrificing its civilians towards that end. A statement by Hamas leader Ismail Haniyeh declaring “victory”19 when many of Gaza’s citizens are homeless and without basic infrastructure further demonstrates Hamas’ disregard for the onerous price paid by the civilians of Gaza.
Those in the international community who continue to enable this dangerous strategy and behavior and allow Hamas to rebuild under the pretext of humanitarian concerns bear at least some responsibility for Hamas’ future targeting of Israel’s population and for the inevitable Palestinian civilian casualties and destruction in the next round of fighting that Hamas seeks.
Images of civilian suffering serve Hamas’ goals of enlisting support to insure its survival in the face of strong Israeli military action.
Images of civilian suffering serve Hamas’ goals of enlisting support to insure its survival in the face of strong Israeli military action.
Notes
1 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1077722908000837
2 from Preamble to the Hamas covenant: ″Israel will exist and will continue to exist until Islam will obliterate it, just as it obliterated others before it″
3 http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/hamas.asp
4 Witness Hamas’ previous military confrontations with Israel in “Operations Cast Lead” (2008-9) and “Pillar of Defense” (2012).
5 http://www.meforum.org/1867/the-psychological-asymmetry-of-islamist-warfare
6 http://time.com/3035937/gaza-israel-hamas-palestinian-casualties/
7 http://www.memri.org/report/en/0/0/0/0/0/0/8076.htm
8 http://english.al-akhbar.com/node/17149
9 http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/.premium-1.608344
10 http://www.smh.com.au/comment/hamas-rocket-attacks-provoked-israels-ground-offensive-into-gaza-strip-20140720-zuysx.html
11 http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/.premium-1.607856
12 http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/israelis-support-netanyahu-and-gaza-war-despite-rising-deaths-on-both-sides/2014/07/29/0d562c44-1748-11e4-9349-84d4a85be981_story.html
13 http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/.premium-1.608762
14 https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/news/americas/13202-un-gravely-concerned-over-gazas-humanitarian-crisis
15 http://www.idfblog.com/blog/2014/08/04/captured-hamas-combat-manual-explains-benefits-human-shields/
16 http://www.the-american-interest.com/articles/2014/08/05/the-medias-role-in-hamas-war-strategy/
17 http://www.meforum.org/1925/tactical-hudna-and-islamist-intolerance
18 http://www.jpost.com/Operation-Protective-Edge/IDF-completes-withdrawal-from-Gaza-keeps-forces-massed-on-border-370092
19 http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4555418,00.html
Publication: Hamas' Psychological Military Strategies against Israel
Filed Under: Hamas, Israeli Security, Palestinians
- See more at: http://jcpa.org/article/hamas-psychological-military-strategies-israel/#sthash.dfEASNQ8.dpuf
2 from Preamble to the Hamas covenant: ″Israel will exist and will continue to exist until Islam will obliterate it, just as it obliterated others before it″
3 http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/hamas.asp
4 Witness Hamas’ previous military confrontations with Israel in “Operations Cast Lead” (2008-9) and “Pillar of Defense” (2012).
5 http://www.meforum.org/1867/the-psychological-asymmetry-of-islamist-warfare
6 http://time.com/3035937/gaza-israel-hamas-palestinian-casualties/
7 http://www.memri.org/report/en/0/0/0/0/0/0/8076.htm
8 http://english.al-akhbar.com/node/17149
9 http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/.premium-1.608344
10 http://www.smh.com.au/comment/hamas-rocket-attacks-provoked-israels-ground-offensive-into-gaza-strip-20140720-zuysx.html
11 http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/.premium-1.607856
12 http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/israelis-support-netanyahu-and-gaza-war-despite-rising-deaths-on-both-sides/2014/07/29/0d562c44-1748-11e4-9349-84d4a85be981_story.html
13 http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/.premium-1.608762
14 https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/news/americas/13202-un-gravely-concerned-over-gazas-humanitarian-crisis
15 http://www.idfblog.com/blog/2014/08/04/captured-hamas-combat-manual-explains-benefits-human-shields/
16 http://www.the-american-interest.com/articles/2014/08/05/the-medias-role-in-hamas-war-strategy/
17 http://www.meforum.org/1925/tactical-hudna-and-islamist-intolerance
18 http://www.jpost.com/Operation-Protective-Edge/IDF-completes-withdrawal-from-Gaza-keeps-forces-massed-on-border-370092
19 http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4555418,00.html
Publication: Hamas' Psychological Military Strategies against Israel
Filed Under: Hamas, Israeli Security, Palestinians
- See more at: http://jcpa.org/article/hamas-psychological-military-strategies-israel/#sthash.dfEASNQ8.dpuf
Author: Marissa Newman
Hamas executed dozens of diggers responsible for its extensive tunnel system in past weeks, fearing the workers would reveal the site locations to Israel, a report on the Mako website’s army blog said.
There was no independent confirmation of the report.
The tunnelers, many of whom constructed the tunnels over the course of months, would dig for 8-12 hours a day, and received a monthly wage of $150-$300, according to the blog.
Sources in Gaza told the website that Hamas took a series of precautions to prevent information from reaching Israel. The terror organization would reportedly blindfold the excavators en route to the sites and back, to prevent them from recognizing the locations. The tunnels were strictly supervised by Hamas members, and civilians were kept far from the sites.
M., a former tunnel digger and Israeli collaborator, told the website that Hamas would strip search the workers to ensure they had no recording devices or cameras hidden on them.
“The people we met had their faces covered; no one knew them by their real names, it was all codes and first names. They didn’t want to take the risk that some of the diggers were collaborating with Israel,” he said.
A tunnel entrance, within a civilian home, found by Golani soldiers in the northern Gaza Strip
(photo credit: IDF Spokesperson’s Unit/ Flash 90)
A tunnel entrance, within a civilian home, found by Golani soldiers in the northern Gaza Strip
(photo credit: IDF Spokesperson’s Unit/ Flash 90)
After the tunnels were completed, dozens were reportedly executed to prevent intelligence leaks to Israel.
“Anyone they suspected might transfer information to Israel on the tunnels was killed by the military wing,” a different source said. “They were very cruel.”
In 2012, a Journal of Palestine Studies article claimed 160 Palestinian children were killed while working on Hamas’s tunnel system.
A soldier leading journalists through a tunnel in Khan Yunis. (screen capture: Walla! News)
A soldier leading journalists through a tunnel in Khan Yunis. (screen capture: Walla! News)
The digging of tunnels began four years ago and has demanded 40 percent of Hamas’s budget, The Times of Israel has learned.
Tunnel diggers have been using electric or pneumatic jackhammers, advancing 4-5 meters a day. The tunnels found were reportedly mostly dug 18-25 meters (60-82 feet) underground, though one was discovered at a depth of 35 meters (115 feet). “That’s like a 10-story building underground,” one expert said.
Digging requires engineering and geological expertise, with tunnels usually dug through sandy soil, their roof supported by a more durable level of clay. As they are dug, the tunnels are reinforced by concrete panels, manufactured locally in workshops adjacent to each tunnel. These workshops have also been targeted by the IDF throughout its military operation.
Elhanan Miller contributed to this report.
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